CBSE/Karnataka PU Board PUC II CHAPTER 11 : Data Communication

Data communication refers to exchange of data between:
a) One device only
b) Two or more devices
c) Only two PCs
d) Only servers
Answer: b
Which is NOT a component of data communication?
a) Sender
b) Receiver
c) Message
d) Operating System
Answer: d
Transmission media is also known as:
a) Channel
b) Host
c) Protocol
d) Hub
Answer: a
Which of the following is NOT a type of transmission media?
a) Wired
b) Wireless
c) Structured
d) Guided
Answer: c
Bandwidth is measured in:
a) Bits per second
b) Hertz
c) Nanoseconds
d) Bytes
Answer: b
Data transfer rate is denoted in:
a) bps
b) Gb
c) Hz
d) inch
Answer: a
In simplex communication, data flows in:
a) One direction only
b) Two directions
c) Circular
d) Multiple directions
Answer: a
Example of simplex device:
a) Printer
b) Computer
c) Both
d) Neither
Answer: a
In half-duplex communication:
a) Devices can send and receive but not simultaneously
b) Data flows in one direction only
c) Data flows simultaneously both sides
d) Only sender sends
Answer: a
Full-duplex communication allows:
a) Only sending
b) Both sending and receiving simultaneously
c) Only receiving
d) No communication
Answer: b
Message in data communication can be:
a) Text only
b) Audio only
c) Multimedia
d) None
Answer: c
Which is a commonly used wired medium?
a) Optical fiber
b) Radio waves
c) Microwave
d) Bluetooth
Answer: a
Protocol means:
a) Hardware device
b) Set of rules
c) Transmission medium
d) Data
Answer: b
HTTP is a protocol for:
a) Email transfer
b) Web access
c) File transfer
d) Device connection
Answer: b
FTP is mainly used to:
a) Browse the web
b) Transfer files
c) Play videos
d) Secure devices
Answer: b
PPP stands for:
a) Point to point protocol
b) Proper processing protocol
c) Public private protocol
d) Particular processing protocol
Answer: a
SMTP is used mainly for:
a) Email
b) Video streaming
c) DNS lookup
d) Web browsing
Answer: a
TCP/IP is a set of:
a) Software
b) Rules for web pages
c) Standard communication protocols
d) Transmission media
Answer: c
Which device is NOT a communication device?
a) Mouse
b) Router
c) Smartphone
d) Switch
Answer: a
The measure for data transfer rate is:
a) Hz
b) bps
c) ms
d) kb
Answer: b
Example of wireless transmission media:
a) Twisted pair cable
b) Coaxial cable
c) Infrared waves
d) USB
Answer: c
Bluetooth works over:
a) Twisted pair
b) 2.4 GHz band
c) Fiber optic
d) Mobile towers
Answer: b
WLAN is popularly called:
a) Bluetooth
b) Wi-Fi
c) Satellite
d) Microwave
Answer: b
The maximum frequency for radio waves used for communication is:
a) 1 GHz
b) 300 Hz
c) 900 GHz
d) 300 GHz
Answer: a
Which is true for fiber optic cables?
a) Transmit light signals
b) Transmit electrical signals
c) Transmit radio waves
d) Used only for TV
Answer: a
Which mobile generation introduced internet access?
a) 1G
b) 2G
c) 3G
d) 4G
Answer: c
Switching used in packet networks is:
a) Packet switching
b) Circuit switching
c) Full switching
d) Duplex switching
Answer: a
Which protocol is associated with web browsing?
a) FTP
b) SMTP
c) HTTP
d) TCP
Answer: c
The device to regenerate weak signals is:
a) Switch
b) Repeater
c) Router
d) Modem
Answer: b
Which describes full duplex best?
a) One way only
b) Two way, but not at same time
c) Two way, simultaneous
d) No direction
Answer: c
Data transfer rate is higher if:
a) Bandwidth is higher
b) Protocol is TCP
c) Medium is wireless
d) Router is used
Answer: a
A protocol controls:
a) Flow
b) Addressing
c) Access
d) All of the above
Answer: d
SMTP stands for:
a) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
b) Single Mail Transmission Protocol
c) Smart Message Transfer Protocol
d) Simple Messaging Transmission Protocol
Answer: a
FTP supports:
a) File transfer
b) Voice call
c) Web pages
d) Video chat
Answer: a
Bandwidth calculation requires:
a) Max and min frequency
b) Max frequency only
c) Both transmitters
d) Speed of receiver
Answer: a
Twisted pair cable is used mainly for:
a) LAN
b) Wireless network
c) Fiber channel
d) Microwave link
Answer: a
4G offers:
a) Only voice
b) Interactive multimedia
c) SMS only
d) Fax
Answer: b
Mobile telecommunication technologies include:
a) 1G to 5G
b) Bluetooth only
c) Only LAN
d) Only Wi-Fi
Answer: a
Which is NOT a protocol?
a) PPP
b) HTTP
c) FTP
d) USB
Answer: d
Data communication's most important aspect is:
a) Speed
b) Components
c) Cost
d) Security
Answer: b
Message communication media can be:
a) Only physical
b) Both physical and wireless
c) Only air
d) Only cables
Answer: b
Which protocol ensures packet order and delivery?
a) TCP
b) FTP
c) HTTP
d) SMTP
Answer: a
Circuit switching is mainly used for:
a) Old telephone networks
b) Mobile SMS
c) Web browsing
d) Bluetooth
Answer: a
Which mode is like a one-way street?
a) Simplex
b) Half duplex
c) Full duplex
d) Parallel
Answer: a
The main advantage of packet switching is:
a) Efficiency
b) Complexity
c) Constant path
d) High latency
Answer: a
Composite signal's bandwidth is:
a) Max frequency - Min frequency
b) Only Max frequency
c) Only Min frequency
d) Sum of frequencies
Answer: a
The protocol used for direct connection between two routers is:
a) PPP
b) FTP
c) HTTP
d) SMTP
Answer: a
5G is expected to support:
a) Only voice
b) IoT and high-speed data
c) Only SMS
d) Fax
Answer: b
Transmission protocol for Web servers and browsers:
a) SMTP
b) HTTP
c) TCP
d) PPP
Answer: b
Unshielded twisted pair cable is abbreviated as:
a) UTP
b) STP
c) FTP
d) TCP
Answer: a

1 MARK QUESTIONS (20) WITH ANSWERS

Define data communication.
Answer: Exchange of data between two or more devices.
State one example of transmission media.
Answer: Optical fiber.
What is a protocol?
Answer: Set of rules for communication.
Name an example of a simplex device.
Answer: Printer.
Expand TCP/IP.
Answer: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.
What does SMTP do?
Answer: Handles email transmission.
Write one function of FTP.
Answer: Transfers files.
What is the measure of data transfer rate?
Answer: Bits per second (bps).
Give one example of wireless media.
Answer: Infrared waves.
What does UTP stand for?
Answer: Unshielded Twisted Pair.
Which protocol supports web browsing?
Answer: HTTP.
What is the band used by Bluetooth?
Answer: 2.4 GHz.
Full form of PPP.
Answer: Point to Point Protocol.
Which mobile generation first supported the Internet?
Answer: 3G.
Function of a repeater.
Answer: Regenerates weak signals.
Simplex communication allows data in:
Answer: One direction only.
Define bandwidth.
Answer: Range of frequencies available for transmission.
Name a guided transmission medium.
Answer: Coaxial cable.
Write a key feature of full duplex.
Answer: Simultaneous send and receive.
Which protocol arranges data packets?
Answer: TCP.

2 MARK QUESTIONS (20) WITH ANSWERS

What are the five components of data communication?
Answer: Sender, receiver, message, transmission media, and protocol.
Compare simplex and full-duplex communication.
Answer: Simplex is one-way; full-duplex is two-way simultaneous.
What is the function of protocols in communication?
Answer: Ensure reliable data exchange by setting rules.
State two wireless transmission media.
Answer: Radio waves and infrared waves.
What is the purpose of coaxial cables?
Answer: Transmit high-frequency signals over long distances.
State any two uses of optical fiber cables.
Answer: Used in backbone networks and for fast data transmission.
Difference between bps and Hz.
Answer: bps is bits per second (data rate); Hz is cycles per second (frequency).
Give examples of two data communication modes.
Answer: Simplex and half-duplex.
Mention any two functions of HTTP.
Answer: Accessing the WWW and formatting web data.
Define packet switching.
Answer: Method where data is broken into packets sent independently.
Name two advantages of wireless LANs.
Answer: Flexibility and mobility.
Write two uses of SMTP protocol.
Answer: Sending emails and storing received mails.
What is Bluetooth?
Answer: Short-range wireless technology for connecting devices.
Name any two frequency ranges for communication waves.
Answer: 3KHz – 1GHz (radio); 1GHz – 300GHz (microwave).
State one benefit of Wi-Fi over wired LAN.
Answer: Mobility within network area.
What is meant by master-slave configuration in Bluetooth?
Answer: Master controls communication with active slave devices.
Role of mobile communication technology in IoT.
Answer: Enables device connectivity and control.
Importance of data transfer rate.
Answer: Determines speed of data transmission.
Define guided transmission medium.
Answer: Physical medium like cables that carries data signals.
State two functions of PPP.
Answer: Establishes direct node link and maintains data integrity.

3 MARK QUESTIONS (20) WITH ANSWERS

Explain simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex with examples.
Answer: Simplex (printer): one-way; half-duplex (walkie-talkie): two-way, but one at a time; full-duplex (telephone): simultaneous.
Describe twisted-pair, coaxial, and optical fiber cables.
Answer: Twisted-pair: affordable, phone/LANs; coaxial: shielded, TV/networks; optical fiber: fast, backbone networks.
How is bandwidth calculated? Give an example.
Answer: Difference of max and min frequencies. E.g., if signal ranges from 500MHz to 1GHz, bandwidth is 500MHz.
Compare circuit switching and packet switching.
Answer: Circuit establishes a fixed path; packet breaks data into packets moving via different routes.
Role of HTTP and FTP protocols.
Answer: HTTP fetches WWW data; FTP transfers files between systems.
Functions of sender and receiver in data communication.
Answer: Sender initiates data sending; receiver accepts and processes it.
State features of infrared and microwaves in wireless media.
Answer: Infrared: short-range, non-penetrating; microwave: long-range, directional.
Explain the benefits of using wireless LAN.
Answer: Wireless LANs offer mobility, easy installation, and increased access.
Mobile telecommunication generation differences.
Answer: 1G: analog; 2G: digital; 3G: data; 4G: multimedia/internet; 5G: IoT/high speed.
Write short note on data transfer rate.
Answer: Measures bits per second, affects speed, depends on bandwidth.
Components of a Bluetooth network.
Answer: Master device and active slave devices forming a piconet.
Name and explain three common protocols.
Answer: HTTP (web), FTP (file), SMTP (email).
How does protocol control data flow and access?
Answer: Sets rules for sending/receiving, access scheduling, and message addressing.
Advantages and disadvantages of optical fiber cable.
Answer: Advantages: high speed, immunity to noise; Disadvantages: expensive, unidirectional.
State properties of radio and microwaves relevant for communication.
Answer: Radio waves: omnidirectional, penetrative; microwaves: unidirectional, point-to-point.
Discuss importance of message in data communication.
Answer: Message is data being exchanged; can be text, audio, etc.; ensures meaningful communication.
What is a composite signal?
Answer: Contains multiple frequencies; bandwidth critical for its transmission.
Explain working of SMTP protocol for email.
Answer: Organizes email header/body, queues mail, delivers using sender/receiver programs.
Need and importance of protocols.
Answer: Ensure reliable, error-free communications with flow/access control.
State impact of 5G networks.
Answer: Faster data, supports IoT/devices, enables new tech applications.

5 MARK QUESTIONS (20) WITH ANSWERS (at least 5 sentences)

Describe the five main components of data communication with examples.
Data communication involves five major components: sender, receiver, message, transmission medium, and protocol. The sender is any device (like a computer or mobile phone) capable of sending data over a network. The receiver can be a printer, another computer, or a mobile device—it's the endpoint that accepts data. The message is the content being transferred and can include text, audio, images, or multimedia files. The transmission medium is responsible for carrying the message between sender and receiver; it may be a wire (such as fiber optic or twisted pair) or wireless (such as radio waves or infrared). Protocol, finally, is a standardized set of rules that governs data exchange, ensuring successful and reliable communication between different devices.
Explain the types of transmission media with advantages and disadvantages.
Transmission media fall into two broad types: guided (wired) and unguided (wireless). Wired media include twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and optical fiber. Twisted pair is cheap but susceptible to interference; coaxial cable handles higher frequencies and is shielded; optical fiber is fast, immune to signal loss, but costly. Wireless media like radio waves, microwaves, and infrared allow mobility and scalability. Radio waves can penetrate walls and cover large areas, but are prone to interference; microwaves are rapid but require line-of-sight; infrared is short-range and ideal for device-to-device communication but cannot penetrate walls. Each type has unique properties suitable for particular uses.
Discuss three modes of data communication and give real-life examples.
The three modes of data communication are simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. Simplex is one-way data flow: for instance, using a keyboard to input data or sending output to a printer. Half-duplex allows data to travel in both directions, but only one direction at a time—walkie-talkies are a classic example, as only one user can speak at once. Full-duplex facilitates simultaneous two-way communication, such as phone calls or messaging apps, where both parties can speak and listen at the same time. The choice of mode depends on the application and requirements for speed and efficiency.
Explain circuit switching and packet switching, highlighting key differences.
Circuit switching creates a dedicated communication path between sender and receiver before data transmission begins. Telecommunication systems used this approach in the past, ensuring all data packets followed the same route. Packet switching, on the other hand, breaks messages into small packets, each potentially taking different routes through the network. Internet technology leverages packet switching, as it allows efficient use of resources and robust error correction. Circuit switching guarantees constant bandwidth and low latency but is less flexible. Packet switching supports multiple users and dynamic routing, making it preferred for modern data networks.
Describe four commonly used protocols (HTTP, FTP, SMTP, TCP/IP) and their roles.
HTTP is essential for accessing the World Wide Web; it sets rules for formatting and transmitting data between browsers and web servers. FTP enables file transfers between client and server, allowing users to upload or download documents. SMTP is used for email transmission, controlling how messages are sent from sender to recipient via mail servers. TCP/IP is a foundational protocol suite enabling network communication; TCP arranges data into packets and ensures proper sequencing, while IP assigns addresses to devices for routing. Each protocol specializes in managing specific data exchanges seamlessly across networks.
Explain the structure and advantages of optical fiber cables.
Optical fiber cables use thin glass strands to transmit data as light signals. Each fiber is composed of a core, cladding, and protective jacket ensuring refraction and quick, reliable transmission. Key benefits include higher bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and long-distance capability. Signal transmission is rapid and secure, making optical fiber ideal for backbone networks. The main disadvantages are high installation costs and unidirectional capability, requiring two cables for full duplex.
Compare and contrast wired and wireless transmission media.
Wired media, such as twisted pair, coaxial, and optic fiber, offer stable, high-speed transmission with minimal loss and interference. They are ideal for secured environments and permanent infrastructure. Wireless media (radio, microwaves, infrared), by contrast, provide mobility, scalability, and easy installation. Wireless communications enable devices like smartphones, laptops, and tablets to access networks anywhere within range. However, wireless is more susceptible to interference and security risks. The choice often balances speed, cost, coverage, and convenience.
Discuss the development and significance of mobile telecommunication generations (1G-5G).
Mobile communication advanced through five generations, each introducing new capabilities. 1G was analog, enabling basic calls; 2G transitioned to digital signals, improving quality and introducing SMS. 3G added data and internet, enhancing browsing and video calling. 4G accelerated multimedia and broadband services, supporting sophisticated apps and streaming. 5G promises super-fast connectivity, essential for smart devices, self-driving cars, and the Internet of Things. Each generation has transformed connectivity, communication, and industry.
Explain the function and benefits of WLANs.
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), based on Wi-Fi technology, connect devices without physical cables. Access points link mobile phones, laptops, and tablets to the Internet via radio waves. WLANs support flexible, scalable, and cost-effective installation, ideal for offices and public spaces. They accommodate mobile devices and facilitate seamless, always-on connectivity. However, careful management is necessary to mitigate risks related to interference, unauthorized access, and speed variation.
Describe Bluetooth technology and its applications.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless protocol using the 2.4GHz band, suitable for connecting devices like mobile phones, computers, headphones, and printers. It establishes personal area networks (piconets), allowing up to eight active devices. The master-slave arrangement enhances control and security. Bluetooth supports data transfer, remote control, and device management in homes, offices, and vehicles. It is cost-effective and energy-efficient, though limited to short distances and low data rates compared to Wi-Fi.
Explain data transfer rate and its importance in communication.
Data transfer rate quantifies how fast data moves between sender and receiver. Measured in bits per second (bps), it determines network efficiency and user experience. High transfer rates enable high-quality video, rapid downloads, and seamless real-time communication. Factors influencing data rate include bandwidth, medium type, protocol efficiency, and network congestion. Optimizing data rate is crucial for supporting modern communication such as cloud computing and multimedia streaming.
Discuss the role and need for protocols in data communication.
Protocols standardize communication, enabling interoperability among diverse devices and networks. They govern aspects like data formatting, sequencing, flow control, error resolution, and security. Without protocols, devices may misinterpret or lose information, causing unreliable exchange. Protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and TCP/IP ensure internet and network services function properly. Their design allows scalability and backward compatibility, making communication reliable and future-proof.
Describe the basic structure of a Bluetooth piconet.
A Bluetooth piconet comprises one master device and up to seven active slave devices. The master controls communication, while slaves follow directions to send and receive data. Inactive devices can wait for master commands. This structure supports wireless networking in homes, offices, and vehicles, facilitating tasks like printing, music streaming, and file sharing. The piconet structure maintains simplicity, security, and power efficiency, despite short-range constraints.
Explain the importance and functioning of TCP/IP protocol suite.
TCP/IP underpins modern networking and the Internet. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) segments data, ensures delivery, and arranges packets in the correct order. IP (Internet Protocol) assigns logical addresses (IP addresses), enabling devices to communicate across networks. This protocol suite supports routing, error correction, and data integrity, allowing robust, adaptable, and scalable communications. It provides the flexibility necessary for global interconnection, cloud services, and real-time applications.
Discuss the master-slave configuration in Bluetooth and its advantages.
Bluetooth master-slave setup ensures one device (master) coordinates data exchanges, while all other devices (slaves) follow the master’s instructions. Only the master can initiate communication, reducing complexity and potential data conflicts. This configuration is ideal for scenarios like wireless headphones, printers, or IoT devices, providing orderly connectivity, easy management, and power savings due to controlled communication.
Describe the structure and functioning of a fiber optic cable.
Fiber optics consist of a thin glass or plastic core surrounded by cladding and protective jacketing. Data transmits as light pulses through the core, bouncing by refraction. The cladding reflects light back into the core, minimizing loss. Fiber optics offer exceptional speed, large bandwidth, and resilience to electromagnetic interference. Used in backbone networks and ISPs, they facilitate long-distance, high-speed Internet and communications.
Explain the main differences between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies.
Wi-Fi provides higher data rates and greater range, ideal for connecting to the Internet. It creates WLANs, supporting many devices across large areas. Bluetooth, however, excels at short ranges and low power consumption, connecting peripherals directly without extensive setup. Wi-Fi is preferred for networking and multimedia; Bluetooth for device pairing and personal connectivity. Both are essential for modern wireless communications.
Discuss the impact of 5G on society and technology.
5G introduces gigabit speeds, ultra-low latency, and massive device connectivity. This enables smart cities, real-time virtual reality experiences, connected vehicles, round-the-clock monitoring, and medical telepresence. The proliferation of IoT and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is only possible with 5G’s capabilities. Societal impacts include enhanced productivity, new industries, digital inclusion, and improved public services—though issues of security and privacy remain paramount.
Describe the function and purpose of SMTP in e-mail communication.
SMTP governs the sending and receiving of emails via network servers. It manages message headers, recipient lists, and mail queues, ensuring organized transmission. SMTP efficiently delivers emails, handles multiple recipients, and plays a central role in mail system reliability. It interacts with POP and IMAP protocols for storage and access. Adhering to SMTP guidelines ensures successful communication across disparate mail services and networks.
Discuss the role of data communication in modern society.
Data communication underpins almost every facet of life, from personal messaging and social media to critical infrastructure operations. It allows instant sharing of information, resources, and ideas, supporting education, healthcare, business, government, and entertainment. Advances in bandwidth, protocols, and media types continually improve speed, reliability, and accessibility. As data communication evolves (with 5G, IoT, and AI), society benefits through greater connectivity, efficiency, and innovation.

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CBSE/Karnataka PU Board PUC II CHAPTER 11 : Data Communication

CBSE/Karnataka PU Board PUC II CHAPTER 11 : Data Communication

1 MARK QUESTIONS (20) WITH ANSWERS

2 MARK QUESTIONS (20) WITH ANSWERS

3 MARK QUESTIONS (20) WITH ANSWERS

5 MARK QUESTIONS (20) WITH ANSWERS (at least 5 sentences)

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