CBSE/Karnataka PU Board PUC I CHAPTER 3 Emerging Trends

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CBSE/Karnataka PU Board PUC I 

CHAPTER 3 Emerging Trends

covering AI, Big Data, IoT, Cloud Computing, Grid Computing, Robotics, Virtual/Augmented Reality, Blockchain, and related concepts.

  1. Which technology enables machines to mimic human intelligence?
    A. Robotics
    B. Artificial Intelligence
    C. Grid Computing
    D. Blockchain
    Answer: B

  2. The aim of Artificial Intelligence is to:
    A. Store large data
    B. Simulate human intelligence in machines
    C. Increase memory
    D. Secure servers
    Answer: B

  3. Siri and Alexa are examples of:
    A. Robotics
    B. Immersive technology
    C. AI-powered digital assistants
    D. Grid computing tools
    Answer: C

  4. What do AI systems use to make decisions and store knowledge?
    A. Smart Boards
    B. Command Prompt
    C. Knowledge Base
    D. Grid Nodes
    Answer: C

  5. Machine Learning is a subfield of:
    A. Robotics
    B. AI
    C. IoT
    D. Blockchain
    Answer: B

  6. Which technique allows computers to learn from data?
    A. Data Mining
    B. Machine Learning
    C. Coding
    D. Immersive Experience
    Answer: B

  7. The process where machines learn from past data without explicit programming:
    A. Big Data
    B. Blockchain
    C. Machine Learning
    D. Grid Computing
    Answer: C

  8. NLP stands for:
    A. Natural Language Processing
    B. New Logic Pattern
    C. Neural Link Protocol
    D. Numeric Language Processor
    Answer: A

  9. Predictive typing in phones is possible due to:
    A. Cloud Computing
    B. NLP
    C. Big Data
    D. Robotics
    Answer: B

  10. Immersive experience technology includes:
    A. AI
    B. Augmented/Virtual Reality
    C. Data Analytics
    D. IaaS
    Answer: B

  11. VR stands for:
    A. Visual Routing
    B. Virtual Reality
    C. Value Resource
    D. Virtual Router
    Answer: B

  12. The digital layer over the real world defines:
    A. Virtual Reality
    B. Robotics
    C. Augmented Reality
    D. Big Data
    Answer: C

  13. Humanoid robots mimic:
    A. Plants
    B. Animals
    C. Humans
    D. Insects
    Answer: C

  14. Which of these is NOT a type of robot?
    A. Wheeled
    B. Legged
    C. Manipulator
    D. Blockchain
    Answer: D

  15. Drones are mainly used for:
    A. Data Compression
    B. Autonomous Flight
    C. Drawing Graphs
    D. Cleaning
    Answer: B

  16. Large, complex, and fast-growing datasets are called:
    A. Massive Data
    B. Big Data
    C. Microdata
    D. Mega Data
    Answer: B

  17. Which is NOT a characteristic of Big Data?
    A. Volume
    B. Variety
    C. Velocity
    D. Volatility
    Answer: D

  18. Big Data’s ‘Veracity’ refers to:
    A. Value
    B. Accuracy and reliability
    C. Visualisation
    D. Speed
    Answer: B

  19. Data Analytics helps in:
    A. Increasing RAM
    B. Making business decisions
    C. Deleting files
    D. Hardware setup
    Answer: B

  20. Which language/tool is popular for data analysis in Python?
    A. Numpy
    B. Pandas
    C. C++
    D. Java
    Answer: B

  21. The IoT consists of a network of:
    A. Only computers
    B. Only mobile phones
    C. Smart, interconnected devices
    D. Power grids
    Answer: C

  22. Smart home technology relies mainly on:
    A. Manual switches
    B. Robotics
    C. IoT
    D. Grid Computing
    Answer: C

  23. Accelerometers and gyroscopes are examples of:
    A. IoT Routers
    B. Sensors
    C. Blockchains
    D. Robots
    Answer: B

  24. Which of these is NOT a use of sensors?
    A. Detecting orientation
    B. Tracking rotation
    C. Sorting emails
    D. Monitoring temperature
    Answer: C

  25. Smart cities use IoT for:
    A. Manual gardening
    B. Traditional printing
    C. Resource management
    D. File backup
    Answer: C

  26. Changing a city into a smart city mainly requires:
    A. Wires
    B. IoT and sensors
    C. Insurance
    D. Human guards
    Answer: B

  27. Cloud computing delivers resources via:
    A. Local disk only
    B. The Internet
    C. Hard drives
    D. USB
    Answer: B

  28. Major advantage of cloud computing:
    A. Expensive hardware
    B. Offline operations
    C. Access from anywhere
    D. Manual backups only
    Answer: C

  29. Google Docs is an example of:
    A. SaaS
    B. IaaS
    C. Localware
    D. Firmware
    Answer: A

  30. In PaaS, the cloud provides:
    A. Software
    B. Hardware
    C. Platform for app development
    D. None of these
    Answer: C

  31. Virtual servers, storage and backup are part of:
    A. IaaS
    B. SaaS
    C. VR
    D. Robotics
    Answer: A

  32. Cloud services provided by Indian government initiative are called:
    A. NetCloud
    B. MeghRaj
    C. RainNet
    D. RajCloud
    Answer: B

  33. In grid computing, the constituent resources are called:
    A. Clients
    B. Blocks
    C. Nodes
    D. Chains
    Answer: C

  34. Purpose of grid computing:
    A. Individual operation
    B. Virtual supercomputer power
    C. Individual storage
    D. Only graphics rendering
    Answer: B

  35. Which toolkit is open source for grid building?
    A. Hadoop
    B. Spark
    C. Globus
    D. Desktop
    Answer: C

  36. A distributed database with security and transparency is:
    A. AI assistant
    B. Blockchain
    C. Cloud server
    D. Grid node
    Answer: B

  37. Which ensures no unauthorised changes in blockchain records?
    A. Central authority
    B. Nodes consensus
    C. Random checks
    D. Passwords
    Answer: B

  38. Bitcoin is based on:
    A. Grid Computing
    B. Blockchain
    C. SaaS
    D. VR
    Answer: B

  39. Storing and sharing medical data securely can use:
    A. Blockchain
    B. Robotics
    C. Grid Computing
    D. Only servers
    Answer: A

  40. Using IoT, you can control house lights via:
    A. Email
    B. Remote sensors/smartphone
    C. SMS only
    D. Manual switch
    Answer: B

  41. VR is helpful in:
    A. Bills printing
    B. Simulations and training
    C. Manual watering
    D. None
    Answer: B

  42. ‘Value’ in Big Data characteristics is:
    A. High cost
    B. Business insight
    C. Colour coding
    D. Sensor value
    Answer: B

  43. In AR, digital information is:
    A. Not used
    B. Overlaid on real world
    C. Written on paper
    D. Skipped
    Answer: B

  44. NLP helps computers to:
    A. Swim
    B. Speak and understand human language
    C. Operate sensors
    D. Encrypt data
    Answer: B

  45. Drones are used for:
    A. Aerial surveillance and delivery
    B. Robotic surgery
    C. File backup
    D. Text editing
    Answer: A

  46. ‘Volume’ in Big Data means:
    A. Number of records
    B. Size/quantity of data
    C. Speed of data
    D. Data type
    Answer: B

  47. Which service model is best for developers needing a ready environment?
    A. IaaS
    B. SaaS
    C. PaaS
    D. GPS
    Answer: C

  48. What is the main benefit of grid computing in research?
    A. Shared processing for large tasks
    B. Sending emails
    C. File backup
    D. Only local access
    Answer: A

  49. ‘Velocity’ in Big Data refers to:
    A. Amount of data
    B. Speed of data generation
    C. Value of data
    D. Data sorting
    Answer: B

  50. Humanoids that imitate human gestures (e.g., Sophia) are achieved by integrating:
    A. Only hardware
    B. Only software
    C. AI & robotics
    D. Memory chips
    Answer: C

Here are 20 questions each for 1 mark, 2 mark, and 3 mark sections (total 60 questions), all from the PDF "Emerging Trends" (KECS103). Each question is followed by the answer.

1 Mark Questions (20)

  1. Artificial Intelligence enables machines to:
    A. Count
    B. Draw
    C. Mimic human intelligence
    D. Cook
    Answer: C

  2. Which technology connects multiple devices for smart features?
    A. Blockchain
    B. IoT
    C. HTML
    D. Printing
    Answer: B

  3. 'Siri' is an example of:
    A. Hardware
    B. AI Assistant
    C. Database
    D. Robot only
    Answer: B

  4. Which field analyses huge amounts of data for insights?
    A. Robotics
    B. Big Data Analytics
    C. VR
    D. Circuit Design
    Answer: B

  5. VR stands for:
    A. Value Resource
    B. Virtual Reality
    C. Visual Router
    D. Voice Recording
    Answer: B

  6. Augmented Reality overlays:
    A. Games
    B. Digital elements on real world
    C. Humans only
    D. None
    Answer: B

  7. Which sense is typically simulated in immersive technology?
    A. Taste
    B. Hearing
    C. Sight
    D. All of these
    Answer: D

  8. Robots can be:
    A. Only humanoid
    B. Wheeled, legged, drones
    C. Only flying
    D. Not programmable
    Answer: B

  9. Which concept enables drone flight?
    A. Data science
    B. Robotics
    C. Printing
    D. Cloud storage
    Answer: B

  10. Which of these is not a Big Data characteristic?
    A. Volume
    B. Value
    C. Velocity
    D. Vanilla
    Answer: D

  11. Cloud Computing delivers:
    A. Physical hardware only
    B. On-demand IT resources
    C. Only offline solutions
    D. None
    Answer: B

  12. SaaS means:
    A. Software as a Service
    B. System at Socket
    C. Security application assignment
    D. None
    Answer: A

  13. Grid computing combines resources for:
    A. Small tasks
    B. Supercomputing power
    C. Only printing
    D. None
    Answer: B

  14. Blockchain is:
    A. Fully centralised
    B. Decentralised digital ledger
    C. An AI tool
    D. Video format
    Answer: B

  15. Data velocity refers to:
    A. How fast data is processed
    B. Data cost
    C. Only size of data
    D. Sensor value
    Answer: A

  16. NLP is mostly used in:
    A. Image editing
    B. Machine-human language interaction
    C. Wiring circuits
    D. VR design
    Answer: B

  17. Which is not a direct application of Big Data?
    A. Social media analysis
    B. Drawing only
    C. Weather modeling
    D. Health diagnostics
    Answer: B

  18. Smart homes use:
    A. IoT
    B. Tally
    C. Only hardware switches
    D. IR sensors for TV only
    Answer: A

  19. Cloud computing requires:
    A. Internet connection
    B. Underground cable
    C. Candle light
    D. Manual ledger
    Answer: A

  20. The full form of AR is:
    A. Artificial Resource
    B. Augmented Reality
    C. Automatic Router
    D. Advanced Regression
    Answer: B


2 Mark Questions (20)

  1. Name two examples of immersive technologies.
    Answer: Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR)

  2. What are 'nodes' in grid computing?
    Answer: Nodes are computers/servers connected in a grid to share resources and solve distributed computing tasks.

  3. State two applications of IoT in urban life.
    Answer: Smart traffic management, pollution monitoring sensors.

  4. List any two cloud service models.
    Answer: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS).

  5. How does AI improve user experience in online shopping?
    Answer: By using recommendation engines and virtual chatbots for suggestions and quick support.

  6. Give two uses of drones.
    Answer: Aerial surveillance, package delivery in remote areas.

  7. State two differences between VR and AR.
    Answer: VR immerses fully in virtual environment; AR overlays digital elements on realistic view.

  8. Mention benefits of data analytics for business.
    Answer: Identifying trends, optimising marketing strategies.

  9. Explain one use of blockchain outside finance.
    Answer: Medical record keeping—ensures tamper-proof, decentralised health data.

  10. Write two sensor examples found in smart wearables.
    Answer: Heartbeat sensor, accelerometer.

  11. What is NLP and where is it used?
    Answer: Natural Language Processing lets computers understand human language; used in chatbots, voice assistants.

  12. Give 2 advantages of cloud computing for startups.
    Answer: Scalability, cost savings (no hardware investment).

  13. What does Big Data’s “veracity” mean?
    Answer: Data accuracy and reliability.

  14. How are smart cities sustainable using IoT?
    Answer: By optimizing utilities like power/water through real-time monitoring.

  15. Two applications of robotics in medicine?
    Answer: Robotic surgeries, remote patient monitoring.

  16. Give two differences between IaaS and PaaS.
    Answer: IaaS offers infrastructure, PaaS offers platform tools for development.

  17. Name two features of blockchain.
    Answer: Decentralisation, immutability (tamper resistance).

  18. Mention any two characteristics of Big Data.
    Answer: Volume (large amounts), velocity (generated rapidly).

  19. How does data analytics help science?
    Answer: Enables analysis of experiments, speeds up hypothesis validation.

  20. Why is edge computing important in IoT?
    Answer: Processes data close to the source, reducing latency and bandwidth.

3 Mark Questions (20)

  1. Explain three types of robots used in society.
    Answer:

  • Humanoid: Imitate human form (reception robots).

  • Wheeled: Mobility in factories/logistics (mobile delivery robots).

  • Drones: Aerial tasks (surveillance, delivery).

  1. Compare VR, AR, and MR.
    Answer:

  • VR: Fully virtual world.

  • AR: Digital overlay on real world.

  • MR: Interacts virtual/real, e.g., 3D hologram manipulated in real space.

  1. How does Big Data analytics help healthcare?
    Answer:

  • Predicts outbreaks, analyses patient data, and improves diagnostics using massive datasets.

  1. Describe how blockchain can be used in voting systems.
    Answer:

  • Secure, tamper-resistant ledger for votes; prevents duplication and fraud; enables transparency.

  1. Illustrate three uses of AI in daily life.
    Answer:

  • Voice assistants (Siri/Alexa), route optimisation (Google Maps), smart spam filters for email.

  1. Explain three benefits of cloud computing for education.
    Answer:

  • Online resources access, collaborative assignments, scalable virtual labs.

  1. Describe a smart city feature enabled by IoT.
    Answer:

  • Smart waste bins transmitting fill-level data for optimized collection routes.

  1. List three reasons why companies use data analytics.
    Answer:

  • Identify consumer trends, enhance product quality, reduce operational costs.

  1. Difference between IaaS, PaaS, SaaS.
    Answer:

  • IaaS: Servers/storage, user manages software.

  • PaaS: Platform for development.

  • SaaS: Ready-to-use software (e.g., Gmail).

  1. How do sensors in IoT improve farming?
    Answer:

  • Soil moisture sensors regulate irrigation, weather sensors predict climate, livestock tracking improves efficiency.

  1. Describe “velocity” in Big Data with example.
    Answer:

  • Speed of data generation (e.g., tweets per second, live video streams).

  1. How is blockchain used for land records?
    Answer:

  • Each record securely stored, easily auditable, reduces fraud/red tape.

  1. What are the societal risks of AI and robotics?
    Answer:

  • Job displacement, privacy concerns, bias in automated decisions.

  1. Give three roles of NLP.
    Answer:

  • Language translation, voice command recognition, sentiment analysis.

  1. What are “value” and “variety” in Big Data, with examples?
    Answer:

  • Value: Insights for decisions (purchase patterns); Variety: Data types (images, text, video).

  1. Describe a real-world grid computing project.
    Answer:

  • SETI@home: Analyzing radio signals for extraterrestrial life.

  1. How can AR help in retail shopping?
    Answer:

  • Virtual fitting rooms; overlaying product info in real-time for buyers.

  1. List three challenges faced by IoT adoption.
    Answer:

  • Security risks, interoperability between systems, high initial cost.

  1. How is robotics used in disaster response?
    Answer:

  • Search/delivery drones; rubble-clearing robots; remote sensors for hazardous areas.

  1. Benefits and drawbacks of storing medical data on cloud.
    Answer:

  • Benefits: Accessibility, backup. Drawbacks: Privacy/security risks, data breach.

5 Mark Questions (20)

  1.      Explain Artificial Intelligence and its impact on daily life with examples.

    Answer:
    Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to systems or machines that mimic human intelligence to perform tasks and can iteratively improve themselves based on the information they collect. AI's impact on daily life is seen through smart personal assistants (Siri, Alexa), recommendation engines (Netflix, YouTube), automated customer service, facial recognition in social media, route optimization in maps (Google Maps), and smart home automation. AI enables predictive typing, fraud detection in banking, health diagnostics, and more. As AI advances, it leads to improved productivity, convenience, and new opportunities in various fields like healthcare, education, entertainment, and safety.

    2.    Describe five main characteristics of Big Data, explaining each with an example.
    Answer:
    Big Data is defined by:

    Volume: Data size is enormous (e.g., daily generation of social media posts).

    Velocity: Data generated at high speed (real-time online transactions).

    Variety: Multiple formats (text, images, video, logs from IoT devices).

    Veracity: Quality or trustworthiness (accuracy issues in user input or sensor data).

    Value: Useful insights extracted (business patterns, consumer behavior).
    Big Data is used in commercial analysis, healthcare analytics, and social media trends.

    3.    How does the Internet of Things (IoT) change household management and urban living? Explain with examples.
    Answer:
    IoT interconnects household devices (fridges, bulbs, door locks) enabling remote monitoring and control using smartphones or computers. In smart cities, IoT sensors monitor traffic, pollution, water, waste, and infrastructure health (e.g., tunnel sensors for leakage), automate alerts for emergencies, and optimize resource usage. Real-life examples: remotely locking doors via mobile, using IoT-enabled sensors for earthquake detection in buildings, and smart parking solutions in cities.

    4.    Differentiate Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. Detail their applications in entertainment and industry.
    Answer:
    Virtual Reality (VR) immerses users in a complete simulated environment using VR headsets, supporting gaming, training simulations, military exercises, and medical procedures. Augmented Reality (AR) overlays digital information onto the physical world using devices (smartphones, AR glasses)—used in travel apps, education (interactive diagrams overlay), and real-time information on historical sites. VR creates a new world; AR augments the real one.

    5.    Explain the applications and benefits of robotics in modern industry and society.
    Answer:
    Robotics automates repetitive, dangerous, or precise tasks in industries (car manufacturing, packaging), conducts surgeries (medical robots), and enhances disaster management (drones for search/rescue). Robotics improve efficiency, reduce human risk, and perform tasks with precision. Examples include NASA Mars Rovers (space exploration), Sophia humanoid robot (AI social interaction), and drones (law enforcement, agriculture).

    6.    Describe cloud computing, its models, and its advantages over traditional IT infrastructure.
    Answer:
    Cloud computing delivers computing services over the internet—software, storage, hardware—without need for expensive physical infrastructure.

    IaaS: Virtual servers, disk storage, network resources on demand.

    PaaS: Ready platforms for app development—no installation required.

    SaaS: Access to software via subscription (Google Docs, Office 365).
    Benefits: Cost-effective, scalable, accessible from anywhere, eliminates maintenance hassle.

    7.    What is grid computing? Describe its uses in scientific and commercial fields.
    Answer:
    Grid computing connects distributed computers for large-scale parallel processing. It helps research projects analyze vast datasets (e.g., genome analysis, climate modeling), solves computationally intense problems, and minimizes hardware costs through resource-sharing. Commercially, it can optimize large simulations or data processing required for financial, scientific, and 3D rendering tasks.

    8.    Explain the concept of blockchain and its advantages in secure transactions and governance.
    Answer:
    Blockchain is a decentralised, shared ledger where data is stored in blocks linked together chronologically. Advantages: Transactions cannot be altered without consensus, offering robust security and transparency. It is used in digital currencies, land records (preventing fraud), supply chain management (tracking goods), and voting systems (tamper-proof records).

    9.    Discuss the role of sensors and smart devices in IoT applications.
    Answer:
    Sensors collect data from physical environments—temperature, motion, humidity. Smart devices process sensor data for automation (turning on/off lights, adjusting AC). In healthcare, wearables track vitals; in cities, sensors monitor pollution and traffic flows. Their role is vital for real-time data-driven decision making.

    10. Explain Data Analytics and its importance in extracting value from Big Data.
    Answer:
    Data analytics involves systematically examining large datasets to uncover patterns, trends, or insights for decision-making. It utilizes tools and techniques to analyze structured/unstructured data from sources like social media, sensors, or transactions. Its importance lies in driving business strategies (customer segmentation, sales forecasting), scientific research (validating hypotheses), and detecting fraud or anomalies in security systems.

    11. Describe real-world applications of cloud service models: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
    Answer:

    IaaS: Companies use remote servers for website hosting, data storage (Amazon AWS).

    PaaS: Developers build and test apps on platforms like Google App Engine, without handling infrastructure setup.

    SaaS: Users edit documents online (Google Docs), use CRM systems (Salesforce), or communicate via email platforms (Outlook 365).

    12. How do smart cities utilize IoT for efficient resource management?
    Answer:
    Smart cities use IoT sensors for monitoring transport, pollution, energy, emergencies, and utilities. Examples include smart lights that adjust brightness, sewage sensors detecting leaks, and real-time waste collection notifications. Data from these systems is integrated centrally, optimizing operations, reducing costs, and improving citizens’ lives.

    13. Discuss security features and benefits of blockchain technology.
    Answer:
    Blockchain offers enhanced security through decentralisation (data stored across multiple nodes), cryptographic transaction validation, and tamper-proof ledgers. No single entity can alter records; all changes require distributed consensus. Applications include secure financial transactions, verified identity management, and fraud prevention.

    14. Describe the role of immersive experiences in education and training.
    Answer:
    Immersive experiences via VR/AR allow students/trainees to engage in realistic simulations—e.g., flight simulators for pilot training, virtual labs for science, augmented overlays for anatomy study. These increase retention, engagement, and allow risk-free practice.

    15. Explain Big Data analytics techniques and how they benefit organizations.
    Answer:
    Big Data analytics employs machine learning, statistical analysis, and data visualization to identify patterns in large datasets. Techniques include clustering, classification, regression, and real-time processing. Benefits include targeted marketing, improved customer service, innovation, fraud detection, and making data-driven decisions.

    16. What is the significance of edge computing in IoT networks?
    Answer:
    Edge computing processes data near its source (device/sensor), reducing latency and bandwidth usage. It’s crucial in real-time IoT applications (autonomous vehicles, health monitors) where immediate decisions and actions are needed.

    17. How can blockchain technology enhance government scholarship distribution?
    Answer:
    Blockchain ensures transparency, accountability, and efficiency by recording transactions publicly, automating eligibility verification, preventing duplicate payments/fraud, and providing tamper-proof audit trails.

    18. Outline the integration of cloud services in startups and its advantages.
    Answer:
    Startups use cloud for scalable, affordable IT infrastructure, rapid deployment of platforms/apps (PaaS), and remote collaboration via SaaS tools. This reduces upfront costs, supports growth, and improves business agility.

    19. Explain NLP applications for differently-abled persons.
    Answer:
    NLP enables voice commands for device control, text-to-speech for visually impaired, speech recognition for hands-free typing, and real-time translation—improving accessibility and independence.

    20. Describe the use of drones in disaster management.
    Answer:
    Drones provide aerial surveillance, locate survivors, deliver supplies, map affected areas, and assess damage—enhancing speed, safety, and effectiveness in disaster response.

     [NOTE: Kindly cross check answers once from other source also, Quantity and Quality of answers also kindly check before use, specially 5 marks answers are not sufficient kindly add from your side, this gives just quick review]

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