CBSE/Karnataka PU Board PUC II Chapter 7 Understanding Data Question Bank

MCQ Questions (50 total)

Data are recorded for decision making by:
a) Individuals
b) Only banks
c) Only schools
d) All organizations
Answer: d) All organizations
Which of the following is not a type of statistical technique?
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Range
d) Filtration
Answer: d) Filtration
What is structured data?
a) Data stored randomly
b) Organised data in rows and columns
c) Data without any format
d) Data with images only
Answer: b) Organised data in rows and columns
Which device is NOT mentioned as a storage device?
a) Pen drive
b) SSD
c) Keyboard
d) Memory card
Answer: c) Keyboard
What does the processing cycle NOT involve?
a) Input
b) Storage
c) Output
d) Animation
Answer: d) Animation
Mean is also called:
a) Middle value
b) Average
c) Frequency
d) Mode
Answer: b) Average
Which value divides sorted data into two equal parts?
a) Mean
b) Mode
c) Median
d) Range
Answer: c) Median
Which statistical measure is most sensitive to outliers?
a) Mode
b) Standard deviation
c) Mean
d) Median
Answer: c) Mean
Which is a measure of variability?
a) Mode
b) Range
c) Median
d) Mean
Answer: b) Range
Which is used to represent categorical data frequency?
a) Mean
b) Mode
c) Variance
d) Range
Answer: b) Mode
Which storage device is cheapest as per the chapter?
a) Tape drive
b) SSD
c) Hard disk drive
d) Pen drive
Answer: a) Tape drive
Standard deviation is represented by:
a) Mu (μ)
b) Sigma (σ)
c) Pi (π)
d) Delta (Δ)
Answer: b) Sigma (σ)
Summarisation of data helps in:
a) Confusing results
b) Understanding characteristics
c) Ignoring errors
d) No use
Answer: b) Understanding characteristics
Which is NOT a step in data processing cycle?
a) Data entry
b) Data collection
c) Animation
d) Data processing
Answer: c) Animation
Which of the following can be a data field in library records?
a) Book title
b) Author
c) Membership number
d) All the above
Answer: d) All the above
Outlier is:
a) The least common value
b) Most common value
c) Exceptionally large/small value
d) Average value
Answer: c) Exceptionally large/small value
Which measure tells about the spread of data?
a) Median
b) Range
c) Mode
d) Mean
Answer: b) Range
Which is NOT an example of data collected daily?
a) Images from satellites
b) Audio files from lectures
c) Reports from market surveys
d) None of these
Answer: d) None of these
Which measure is used with attributes that occur the most?
a) Mean
b) Mode
c) Range
d) Median
Answer: b) Mode
Which is a limitation of manual data processing?
a) Accuracy
b) Time taken
c) Cost
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Which is NOT a measure of central tendency?
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Variance
Answer: d) Variance
Data that is collected daily by weather stations typically includes:
a) Only temperature
b) Only wind speed
c) Multiple variables like temperature and wind speed
d) No useful information
Answer: c) Multiple variables like temperature and wind speed
PDFs, audio files, and social media posts are examples of:
a) Structured data
b) Unstructured data
c) Tabular data
d) Statistical summaries
Answer: b) Unstructured data
The statistical term for the value that occurs most frequently in a data set is:
a) Mode
b) Median
c) Mean
d) Range
Answer: a) Mode
Which of the following devices is mainly used for temporary data storage?
a) RAM
b) SSD
c) HDD
d) Tape drive
Answer: a) RAM
What is the first step in the data processing cycle?
a) Data output
b) Data collection
c) Data storage
d) Data analysis
Answer: b) Data collection
Which formula correctly represents the mean of data values $X_1, X_2, ..., X_n$?
a) $(X_1 + X_2 + ... + X_n)$
b) $(X_1 * X_2 * ... * X_n)$
c) $\frac{X_1 + X_2 + ... + X_n}{n}$
d) $\sqrt{X_1^2 + X_2^2 + ...}$
Answer: c) $\frac{X_1 + X_2 + ... + X_n}{n}$
Which step is NOT part of manual merit list preparation?
a) Data entry
b) Data query
c) Automated error checking
d) Data sorting
Answer: c) Automated error checking
Which statistical technique is most appropriate for finding the 'most preferred canteen item'?
a) Mean
b) Mode
c) Median
d) Range
Answer: b) Mode
Which of the following is an example of a field in a student record?
a) Student name
b) Attendance percentage
c) Marks scored
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Data summarisation mainly aims to:
a) Increase confusion
b) Highlight trends and patterns
c) Hide information
d) Create unstructured data
Answer: b) Highlight trends and patterns
Which storage device is fastest in data access?
a) Tape drive
b) Hard disk
d) Pen drive
c) SSD
Answer: c) SSD
Standard deviation gives information on:
a) Central value
b) Spread of data
c) Most frequent value
d) Number of observations
Answer: b) Spread of data
What is the range in a data set?
a) Maximum minus minimum
b) Median minus mean
c) Mean divided by number of entries
d) Value that appears most often
Answer: a) Maximum minus minimum
Which software is commonly used for handling structured data?
a) MS Paint
b) MS Excel
c) Windows Media Player
d) Notepad
Answer: b) MS Excel
An outlier is best handled by using which measure?
a) Mean
b) Standard deviation
c) Mode
d) Median
Answer: d) Median
The process of updating patient records is part of which data processing cycle step?
a) Classification
b) Data entry
c) Data update
d) Data output
Answer: c) Data update
The term 'data field' refers to:
a) Whole table
b) An individual piece of information, like name or number
c) A column and all its content
d) None of these
Answer: b) An individual piece of information, like name or number
Which is NOT a use case of analysing collected data?
a) Business decision making
b) Academic performance
c) Cost estimation
d) Ignoring errors
Answer: d) Ignoring errors
Structured data is typically:
a) Unorganized
b) Stored in tables
c) Only stored as images
d) Without any order
Answer: b) Stored in tables
The mean may be misleading when:
a) There are no outliers
b) Data are symmetrical
c) Data contains extreme values
d) Data set is small
Answer: c) Data contains extreme values
Which device is most suitable for portable data storage?
a) Tape drive
b) SSD
c) Pen drive
d) RAM
Answer: c) Pen drive
The most effective way to compare sales of two items is by calculating:
a) Mode
b) Mean sales
c) Standard deviation
d) Variance
Answer: b) Mean sales
In the data processing cycle, 'classification' involves:
a) Collecting raw data
b) Sorting data into categories
d) Deleting old records
c) Making outputs
Answer: b) Sorting data into categories
Which of the following is NOT an attribute in a patient record?
a) Age
b) Temperature
c) School name
d) Blood pressure
Answer: c) School name
The symbol for standard deviation is:
a) μ
b) π
c) σ
d) θ
Answer: c) σ
Hospital data includes:
a) Patient name and disease
b) Pharmacy inventory
c) Staff payroll
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
When collecting daily temperature data, which measure best shows 'average' temperature?
a) Mode
b) Median
c) Mean
d) Standard deviation
Answer: c) Mean
A major disadvantage of manual data processing is:
a) Speed
b) Flexibility
c) Time-consuming nature
d) Use of computers
Answer: c) Time-consuming nature
Summarising data helps in:
a) Identifying error sources
b) Drawing conclusions faster
c) Obscuring results
d) Only data entry improvement
Answer: b) Drawing conclusions faster

1 Mark Questions (10 total)

Define data in one sentence.
Answer: Data is a collection of facts, figures, or values related to some situation or variables.
What is the singular form of 'data'?
Answer: Datum
Name one statistical technique used to summarize data.
Answer: Mean
What kind of data is represented by a table in a spreadsheet?
Answer: Structured data
What does median represent?
Answer: The central value in sorted data.
Which device is used to store large amounts of data?
Answer: Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
What is meant by data processing?
Answer: The transformation of raw data into meaningful output.
Name a type of measure of central tendency.
Answer: Mode
What statistical term refers to the most frequently occurring value?
Answer: Mode
Give an example of unstructured data.
Answer: Images and videos

2 Marks Questions (10 total)

What is the difference between data and information?
Answer: Data are raw, unprocessed facts; information is processed, organized, and meaningful data.
Mention two common types of storage devices for data.
Answer: Solid State Drive (SSD), Pen Drive
How does an outlier affect the mean?
Answer: It can significantly distort or skew the mean value.
State one use case where median is preferred over mean.
Answer: In salary data with very high or low values affecting the average.
What is the role of the data processing cycle?
Answer: To collect, process, store, and output information from raw data.
State one example of how businesses use data for decision-making.
Answer: Analysing sales data to change product pricing.
How is range calculated?
Answer: By subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value in a data set.
Give an application of statistical summarisation in daily life.
Answer: Calculation of average marks of students in a class.
Name any two attributes found in voter identity card records.
Answer: Name, Age
List two parameters stored in hospital patient records.
Answer: Patient name, Medical history

3 Marks Questions (10 total)

Why is summarising data with mean, median, and mode important?
Answer: It helps in understanding average, central, and frequent values for better decision-making.
Differentiate structured and unstructured data with examples.
Answer: Structured data is organized (e.g., Excel table), unstructured data is not (e.g., images).
Describe the steps of the data processing cycle.
Answer: Data collection, preparation, entry, processing, storage, retrieval, classification, updating.
Explain the impact of outliers on mean and median.
Answer: Outliers heavily distort mean; median remains less affected, making it a better choice sometimes.
List three scenarios where companies rely on data analysis.
Answer: Pricing adjustments, sales performance, and market behavior monitoring.
Why do organizations prefer digital storage over manual methods?
Answer: Digital storage offers faster processing, larger capacity, and easier retrieval.
How can measures of variability indicate diversity in a group?
Answer: High variability means more spread, indicating greater difference within the group.
Explain the role of standard deviation in understanding a dataset.
Answer: It shows how much data values deviate from the average, indicating consistency.
Mention a situation where mode is more useful than mean.
Answer: When identifying the most common item sold in a shop.
How can weather alerts be generated using data processing?
Answer: By analysing satellite data for cyclone or rain predictions.

5 Marks Questions (10 total)

Discuss the importance of data summarisation for decision-making. Give real-life examples.
Answer: Summarisation helps interpret large volumes of data quickly, such as election results from voting machines or dynamic pricing in businesses.
Describe all measures of central tendency and variability covered in the chapter with relevant formulas.
Answer: Mean ( $\text{Mean} = \frac{\sum X}{n}$ ), Median (middle value in sorted data), Mode (most frequent value), Range (Max - Min), Standard Deviation (positive square root of average squared deviation from mean).
Compare advantages and disadvantages of structured and unstructured data.
Answer: Structured data is easy to process and analyze; unstructured provides rich information but is hard to organize.
Suggest data processing steps for preparing a merit list for scholarship as mentioned in exercises.
Answer: Collect marks and income data, filter students above required marks, check income, store results, and print certificates.
Analyse how banks use data for cash withdrawals at ATMs, from input to receipt.
Answer: Collects details, verifies credentials, processes transactions, updates balance, and prints receipt through automated cycle.
List and justify which statistical techniques to use for comparing sales of canteen items.
Answer: Use mean for average sales, mode for popular items, range for price variation; apply these for fruit juice, biscuit, samosa sales.
Write the significance and calculation process for standard deviation.
Answer: Shows variability, calculated as square root of mean square deviation from average.
Describe how electronics voting machines and manual counting differ in data storage and processing.
Answer: EVMs record and process electronically, providing quick results; manual counting is time-consuming and error-prone.
Explain how companies analyse customer demand using data.
Answer: Gather sales and feedback data, process, identify trends, adjust products/prices accordingly.
Outline the process and benefits of summarising temperature data for a week using all covered statistical techniques.
Answer: Calculate mean for average, median for central temperature, mode for most common, range for variability, and standard deviation for spread; this provides useful weather information for planning.

[NOTE: Kindly cross check answers once from other source also, Quantity and Quality of answers also kindly check before use, specially 5 marks answers are not sufficient kindly add from your side, this gives just quick review]

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CBSE/Karnataka PU Board PUC II Chapter 7 Understanding Data Question Bank

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